The Disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment Somalia 1992 Essay Example

The Disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment: Somalia 1992 Essay The Disbandment Of The Canadian Airborne Regiment In somalta 1992 In 1992, The Canadian airborne regiment was sent into Somalia for a peacekeeping mission. Instead of creating peace, the Canadian regiment have been disbanded because of the Somalia affair. Many innocent Somali citizens were imprisoned for non ethical reasons. One innocent Somali named Shidane Arone was severely tortured and later, killed because of harsh treatment. This shameful act gave people the confidence to speak up and be heard to allow the whole world to see and ear what was really going on in Somalia. The disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment occurred because of the shameful acts that Canadian soldiers did with the assist of their commanders. On March 16 1993, Captain Micheal Sox found a Somalian citizen hiding in a portable toilet in abandoned American base not too far away from a Canadian Base nearby. This citizens name is Shidane Arone, Micael Sox said that he was stealing supplies but he eventually protested and said that he was looking for his brother that ately disappeared for the last couple of weeks. It Just so happened that he was at the wrong place at the wrong time and consequently, taken in as a prisoner and he was treated horribly and tortured. Shadones last words were Canada! Canada! Canada! . It was obvious that these people that tortured Aron were demented. Lack of leadership was a major problem that needed to be solved. In 1993 The regiment was disbanded because the lack of leadership. This issue later caused many problems and gave soldiers power to do what ever they wished to do without onsequences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment: Somalia 1992 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment: Somalia 1992 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment: Somalia 1992 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sgt. Mark Boland couldnt properly take care of his performance of duty for his role that he played in the death of Shadone Arone. Some of the horrifying acts that the soldiers have committed under the command of Sgt. Mark Boland during the Somalia Affair were torturing prisoners, using teenagers as bunkers for munitions, and also water boarding prisoners. However, as they were they torturing prisoners they took pictures of themselves that later on were downloaded on the internet for the whole world to see. In other words, this probably wasnt the smartest thing to do at that moment. Jim Day is a reporter for the Pembroke Observer which is a local newspaper within the hometown of the Canadian Regiment. Jim Day was the first to report that Canadian soldiers were being held in an ongoing investigation into the death of a Somali citizen. Which later on led to the disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment in Somalia. In conclusion, the Canadian Airborne Regiment in Somalia which is referred to as The Somalia Affair was considered a scandal. The soldiers shameful acts that took place in 1993 later had the Canadian Airborne Regiment Disbanded completely. I think that death of Shidane Arone had vast affects on the reputation of Canadians all around the world. Nevertheless, it is sad to see how all these Canadians are being treated as if they have committed a crime Just because one person committed a shameful act. Lack of leadership is a huge problem and without it nobody can guide us to the right paths in the future, without leadership we are nothing.

Polyphemus the Cyclops

Polyphemus the Cyclops The famous one-eyed giant of Greek mythology, Polyphemus first appeared in Homer’s Odyssey and became a recurring character in both classical literature and later European traditions. Who Was Polyphemus? According to Homer, the giant was the son of Poseidon, the sea god, and the nymph Thoosa. He inhabited the island which is now known as Sicily with other, unnamed giants with similar afflictions. While contemporary depictions of the Cyclops assume a humanoid with a single, huge eye, the classical and Renaissance portraits of Polyphemus show a giant with two empty eye sockets where human ocular organs would be, and a single eye centered above them. Polyphemus in the Odyssey Upon landing at Sicily, Odysseus and his men discovered a cave laden with provisions and set about feasting. It was, however, the pair of Polyphemus. When the giant returned from grazing his sheep, he imprisoned the sailors and began to systematically devour them. The Greeks understood this not only as a good story but as a horrible affront to the customs of hospitality. Odysseus offered the giant a quantity of wine from his ship, which gets Polyphemus quite drunk. Before passing out, the giant asks Odysseus’ name; the wily adventurer tells him â€Å"Noman.† Once Polyphemus fell asleep, Odysseus blinded him with sharpened staff burning in the fire. Then he ordered his men to bind themselves to the undersides of Polyphemus’ flock. As the giant blindly felt for his sheep to ensure that the sailors didn’t escape, they passed unnoticed to freedom. Polyphemus, tricked and blinded, was left to scream of the injustice that â€Å"Noman† had done to him. The injury to his son made Poseidon persecute Odysseus at sea, extending his perilous voyage home. Other Classical Sources The one-eyed giant became a favorite of classical poets and sculptors, inspiring a play by Euripides (â€Å"The Cyclops†) and appearing in the Aeneid of Virgil. Polyphemus became a character in the much-loved story of Acis and Galatea, where he pines for a sea-nymph and ultimately kills her suitor. The story was popularized by Ovid in his Metamorphoses. An alternate ending to Ovid’s tale found Polyphemus and Galatea married, from their offspring were born a number of â€Å"savage† races, including the Celts, the Gauls, and the Illyrians. In the Renaissance and Beyond By way of Ovid, the story of Polyphemus - at least his role in the love affair between Acis and Galatea - inspired poetry, opera, statuary and paintings from all over Europe. In music, these include an opera by Haydn and a cantata by Handel. The giant was painted in a landscape by Poussin and a series of works by Gustave Moreau. In the 19th Century, Rodin produced a series of bronze sculptures based on Polyphemus. These artistic creations create a curious, fitting postscript to the career of Homer’s monster, whose name, after all, means â€Å"abounding in songs and legends.†

Refactoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Refactoring - Essay Example This is where refactoring will come in handy. Refactoring is a method of altering the code of a software in various ways so it can easily be understood and the cost of modifying the code will be minimal. Refactoring does not change the observable behavior of the program. All changes are done internally just for the purpose of making the code more flexible and reusable. Maintaining the program's observable behavior is crucial to refactoring. Automated testing for each aspect of the software can be done to ensure the consistency of the observable behavior of the program. Refactoring reduces the degradation of an application over time by helping the developers easily maintain it. It is like cleaning up the program's code. It also makes the program easier to understand in the long run. Since one of the principles of refactoring is for it to be done in small steps, it can help the developer find bugs after testing each small step. And since you can easily find bugs, the time spent fixing them would be lesser. Thus, it will allow for more additional features to be added in the program. Refactoring, however, may not be applicable to all program codes. If a code seems to be a total mess, really difficult to understand and has a lot of bugs, then it might be better to rewrite the whole thing than just refactoring it.

Photography Under Consideration and All Aspects of Art and Visual Essay

Photography Under Consideration and All Aspects of Art and Visual Design - Essay Example Photography has been applied in the need to complete information sharing and articulate the plot development in relaying stories. The need to present a visual communicative, the process has been involved in the desire to present the information within the visual process. Photography has been applied to relay a vivid informative, process that complements the visual elements within the created form (Norton 1). Depending on the means applied to take photos and the medium applied in completing the final piece, the visual composition may vary from a medium to the next. Pictures have been applied in variable platforms to predict the outcome of an event and record memories for future reference. All aspects of art and visual design are included in an outstanding piece to give the picture form and definition. However, colour may not be the leading element within the picture composition because forms devoid of the entity have managed to predict outstanding visual composition (Norton 1). To ana lyze a pictorial composition, the forms captured within the frame, direction and angle of the shot can be analyzed to create the information desired to read the mood of the composition. The photography under consideration has been taken in the wild with nature as the subject of the study. The six photos captured have been taken from a similar location and the time for the shoot fluctuates from variable periods. The first shot taken suggests that the photographer had been having a worm's eye view with the towering trees and sky as the subject. The picture taken during the morning period presents an almost perfect balance of the captured features within the window frame.

Analytical Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analytical Paper - Essay Example Via the characters they come across on their mainland trek, Granado and Guevara witness personally the injustices, face the deprived as well as meet the people and social-classes they could have never came across before. To their astonishment, the road portrays to them a real and enthralling image of Latin-American identity. Consequently, the trip correspondingly establishes the beginning of cognitive dissension and revolution within Guevara Ernesto, who apparently would later consider armed revolution as a technique to confront the continent's widespread economic disparities (Drinot17). In Cuba, Guevara discovered that the peasants had no electricity, schools, accessibility to healthcare and that 40% of the grown-ups were uneducated. Guevara established workshops to impart military tactics, health clinics as well as a newspaper for information disseminating. Guevara was instrumental for devising novel strategies for Cuba’s political, social as well as economic development. Gu evara ensured revolutionary justice against the traitors; he also instituted the Agrarian land-reform as well as the Agrarian Reform Law. This resulted in land redistribution and equality. Guevara was instrumental in instituting universal accessibility to higher education through introducing ‘affirmative action’ to institutions of higher education (Elena 45). Guevara is portrayed in The Motorcycle Diaries as a first-timer tourist:  a freshman finally wriggling out of his upperclass bubble and understanding the world as it is.  Eduardo Elena’s article â€Å"A  Point of Departure† contests this by indicating that this was not Guevara’s first voyage (26). In the movie, Guevara tells Granado that he had not traveled before, though Elena articulates that Guevara’s upper middle-class social rank gave him the chance to travel on holidays with family, and he  travelled as a youth before getting on this specific expedition. Elena  emphasizes that it is this tour in all over South America that is broadly thought to have opened Ernesto Guevara’s eyes to the miseries of the publics as he departed from his accustomed life in Argentina from  1951 to 1952. Guevara’s trips had him witness the divide between the haves and the have-nots (Drinot 10). The Motorcycle Diaries portrays Guevara persistently disregarding his fortunate social status to go through his explorations as an ordinary person. Elena supposes that this transpired as one approach in which Guevara started to display his non-conformist outlook towards a conventional community; his non-conformist explorations had a reflective impact upon how Guevara viewed the society around him.  Ernesto had the aptitude to decide to  rough-in, and this provided him with a distinctive perspective  to see the  predicament of the underprivileged he came across on his explorations (Drinot 11). Guevara’s discoveries made him have a negative attitude towa rds the prevailing upper and middle class standards, cultural expectations, as well as the political tendencies of the 50s. Elena states that  this was Guevara’s choice,  as demonstrated many times  in the movie through his endeavors to interact with the common people they came across in their exploration rather than renting home services or lodging (34). While Granado sought to exchange their skills for food and shelter, Ernesto

Gender Discrimination At Workplace Sociology Essay

Gender Discrimination At Workplace Sociology Essay The reason to conduct this research is to gain knowledge and insight about various factors which results in Gender Discrimination and the problems and hurdles which women face in todays work environment. Two sectors mainly public and private were taken in an account in order to know that in which sector Gender Discrimination greatly take place. Important factors sought include: organizational climate, society and attitude. I would like to know the perception of both men and women on the above mentioned factors and that how these factors influences Gender Discrimination. The mean of research, which I adopted for my research are research paper study, interviews and questionnaires from both men and women. I segregated the selected population according to eight socio-economic classes: GENDER AGE INCOME OCCUPATION SECTOR EDUCATION STATUS ORGANIZATION Male 20-60 10,000-above Public and Private Graduate, masters, M.phil, Phd Single, Divorced, Married Female 20-60 10,000-above Public and Private Graduate, masters, M.phil, Phd Single, Divorced, Married I have found out variety of answers from questionnaires and interviews under different circumstances. ABSTRACT: This paper presents the major factors which greatly influence and result in the Gender Discrimination at work place. To find out that, I have floated fifty questionnaire (30 women and 20 men) in both private and public sector as well as took three interviews from both high management and font line staff ( 2 females and 1 male) in order to know different perception of people in different sectors about Gender Discrimination. Further more, this paper talks about the impact of organizational norms and culture on the female employees performance, comfort at job and perceived growth. This study is focused on governmental organization, private organization, educational institute and public private hospitals. It is concluded that, there is a Gender Discrimination at workplace and women are treated unfairly at their jobs as compared to men. But this discrimination is because of the society in which we live in and because of the different family laws and perception which people have due to dif ferent backgrounds. Also organizational climate as a whole dont effectively influence gender discrimination. Its influence is less then the other two factors which are society and attitude. INTRODUCTION: In an age where we talk about equal rights for men and women, there are still occurrences of people being discriminated against because of their gender. Gender discrimination is not an issue, which one can ignore or tolerate silently. People should realize that gender discrimination at workplace is a serious form of employment discrimination, which should not be discharged. Gender based discrimination is defined as undesirable action or differential treatment against a person that would not have occurred if the person had been of another sex. Gender discrimination is considered as a serious form of injustice and is illegal in certain circumstances in most of the countries around the world. There is a need to develop organizational culture compatible to societal values that supports and motivates more women to participate in the economic and national development activities. There is a challenging task for the organization in future to retain and welcome the rapidly increasing womens participation in the work force both in public and private sector. . BACKGROUND INFORMATION: While some bias is open and overt, much more of it is hidden. We all have hidden biases about particular groups, places, and things. Hidden bias stems from our everyday sense of the way things are, which informs our everyday workplace interactions. Bias affects what we notice about people, how we interpret their behavior and what we remember about them. We tend to notice, interpret and remember behavior that reinforces our biases. These assumptions are pervasive: both men and women make them. The biases that result affect our interactions both with people we know and with people we dont know. Gender bias, specifically, is our assumptions about the characteristics of men and women. For example, men generally are assumed to be aggressive, reliable, and competent and committed to their careers. Every day each one of us makes small judgments about individuals based on everyday assumptions that arise automatically. Research has shown that men benefit more from their accomplishments than women, and even small inequity accumulate over time and cause women to advance at a slower rate then men. The following are the most common patterns of gender bias encountered in the workplace. Maternal wall The strongest and most explicit bias in todays workplace is against mothers. Generally, maternal wall bias is generating when motherhood becomes salient or obvious to managers and colleagues. This typically occurs when a woman announces that she is pregnant, returns from maternity leave, or adopts a part-time or flexible schedule. Maternal wall bias stems from assumptions that mothers are not as competent as others, are not as committed to their jobs, and belongs at home because they cant be both good mothers and good workers. Competency The truth of the common saying women must try twice as hard to achieve half as much is documented by more than a quarter century of social science. Women need to provide more evidence of job-related skills than their male counterparts before they are viewed as competent. Additionally, women are allowed fewer mistakes than men before they are judged incompetent. Role Reversal Behavior that is acceptable in men often is considered unacceptable in women. A woman in a traditionally masculine job may be called hard to work with or too ambitious for the same behavior that helps a man establish himself as assertive and having leadership potential. The unspoken view in such situations is that women should be helpful, warm, understanding, and kind. In some workplaces, women are seen either as likable, dependentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦traditional women who are nice but incompetent or as dominant, nontraditional women who are competent, but are disliked for violating unspoken norms that women should be inclusive and nurturing. The Gender Wars Workplaces create conflict among women when they evince approval of women who adhere to traditional feminine stereotypes (passive, nurturing, and allowing male supervisors to take the spotlight), but disapproval for women who buck such stereotypes. The most common workplace conflict among women is the generational conflict between older women who made it to the highest levels in their companies by closely following a traditional masculine career path and younger women who seek more flexible options, including part-time work. Because most gender bias is subtle rather than overt, policies and procedures that appear to be a facially neutral, objective, and job-related may be applied in ways that lead to fewer hiring and promotion opportunities, lower compensation, poor performance evaluations, more frequent disciplinary actions, and greater termination rates among women. These patterns result when managers base their employment decisions on biases rather than job performance. Decisions based on bias rather than legal job related reasons often will end up penalizing talented workers and rewarding less talented ones. As a result, such decisions may well expose productivity and negatively affect employee morale. In our research I have first begin by identifying gender bias, focusing on public and private sectors and then comparing and contrasting the working environments in both corporate cultures, and then analyzing how rampant gender bias against women is, in both scenarios. RESEARCH INTREST: This research is being conduct to know what the level of gender discrimination at work place. What problems are arising due to gender biasness and what are the consequences of this? How is it affecting the society, peoples life and business world? And the main reasons which lead to gender discrimination at work place. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY: I have conducted this research in order to know that to what extent there is a gender bias at workplace. What are the reasons and what problems are created due to this gender discrimination at work place? Through this research we can come up with the solution to the problem of gender discrimination. Also this can help to make people aware of this prevailing problem of gender biases and the reasons of its occurrence. And the negatives and positive affect of this on the business world and personal lives of men/women. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study is to Study gender bias in the workplace and focus on the distinction made between a man and woman in a working environment on the basis of professionalism, integrity, and respect, and gauging whether this phenomena has decreased with the passage of time and awareness, or if it has become worse. Study the problems which female employees go through in their job due to society, family pressure and work environment. Study that in which sector, discrimination mainly exists. LITERATURE REVIEW: Sex Discrimination in Hiring: The Influence of Organizational Climate and Need for Approval on Decision Making Katz (1987) conducted a research to find out that whether the organizational climate affects the hiring and decision making or not. He conducted an experiment in Northeastern University. One hundred and sixty males were taken as a sample of age 24- 25 years. He created two artificial organizational environments i.e. discriminatory and non-discriminatory. All the participants were divided into two and were given job descriptions of the organization along with resumes of both males and females. They were also given a scale on which they have to arrange their rà ©sumà ©s. That scale has four variables hiring, salary, fit and longevity. The participants who were taking part in that experiment had to act as a manger and take decisions accordingly. The result which was extracted from the study was that men were given high priority and value in discriminatory organization on hiring, salary, fit and longevity.Whereas, male and female both enjoy equal rights in non-discriminatory environment. The finding of the above mentioned research was all hypothetical and has internal validity. The participants who took part in the experiment were asked to imagine that they are mangers which can result in the real life findings. Sex discriminatio n is an on going process in today society and has to eliminate from a real life experiment which should have external validity and whose findings can be applied in further studies. Sexual Harassment at Workplace: Phillis (2000) in her research paper has reviewed three court cases studies on the respective topic sexual harassment at workplace. She, in her research with the reference of the court case studies wants to find out different forms and effects of sexual harassment women faces at their workplace. The court case study shows that the women are treated very badly at their workplace. They are asked for the physical favors as well as men find different ways and excuses to physically touch them. Females at their workplace are also exposed with bad sexual jokes and pictures which not make them uncomfortable while working but also have bad psychological effects on their minds which ultimately results in the choice between their job and security. Sexual harassment is a very serious problem which still practiced in todays society, government should laws and policies which prohibit this act in an organization. Sexual Harassment at Workplace: Experience of Women at Health Sectors Chaudhuri (2006) conducted a research to investigate the perspective of sexual harassment at health sector. For her research, she has done exploratory research and has under taken four hospitals, two governments and two private. The entire research was qualitative as this issue is quite sensitive. One hundred and forty one women employees take part in this research of age around 20-59. Three group interviews, forty informal interviews and one hundred and thirty five in-depth interviews ere taken from the participants of both public and private hospitals and from that it has been observed that females employees are not only experience verbal and psychological harassment but also male employees touch them physically. Mostly nurses and junior doctors experience sexual harassment. Complaints by them were not given any value and importance and hence no actions were taken against sexual harassment which shows the power disparity among men and women. No proper laws are made in this sector w hich eventually results in the fear and insecurity in the mind of females. Salary Structure Effects and Gender Pay Gap in Academia Barbezat and Hughes (2005) based their study of gender salary gap and discrimination on The National Faculty Survey Data (1999). National Faulty Survey conducted their research by taking in account nine hundred and sixty institutions both public and private of fifty different states and two thousand five hundred and seventy six full and part time employees both males and females associated with these institutions. Authors basic aim was to find out the salary gap between males and females who have similar responsibilities and work positions. From the survey, it has been concluded that men earns 20.7% more than that of women of the same post and responsibilities. The percentage is high at the professional institutions as compared to the art institutions. Men also enjoy more benefits and compensation then women. This issue has to be eliminated and need to be studied more. Gender Discrimination at the Labor Market Lissenburgh (2001) in his paper uses National Survey Data and Human Capital Theory to find out the degree and gender discrimination at the UK labor market (1990s). From the data of the National Survey, the part time female employees faces lot of salary and benefit issues as compared to full time female employees. According to the Human Capital Theory education, training and experience play a great impact on pay gap. There will be an increase of 10% in the women pays only if they pay more attention to the human capital factors. This is also one of the reason, part time female employees get less salary as compared to full time. Government should make such policies which should bound companies to pay all men and women equal pays. Determinate of Gender Based Wage Discrimination in Pakistan: a Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach Yasin et.al(2010) conducted an empirical study to find out the two main points that wage difference among men and women and development in labor market (1999-2008) Pakistan while keeping socio-culture and individual factors in consideration. All the data and information was collected from secondary source mainly from Labor Force Survey [(2007-2008) conducted by Federal Bureau of Statistics], ministry of industry report. The sample which the Labor Force survey under took for their survey was eighteen thousand nine hundred and twelve household one million individuals from all the four provinces of Pakistan between the ages of 14-65 years. These samples contain both upper and lower level of employees. The results from the survey and from all the reports was that with the passage of time gender discrimination is increasing and the reason behind this is the level of education, experience and organization culture. They also show that gender discrimination mostly apply to those women who are married and have children because then ultimately they have to give more time to their family and children and less to their work. Also our society doesnt allow married women to work 9-5 job. Gender discrimination is an ongoing process and has to be eliminated for the better economic growth of the country. Government should make certa in policies which results in reduction of discrimination. Gender earning inequality and discrimination in Pakistani Labor Market Farooq in his research paper estimate the monthly wage/earning difference between men and women in Pakistani labor market on the findings of Pakistan Standard and Labor Market (PSLM) Survey (2004-2005). The purpose for which this survey was used to find out the Human and non-capital factors for the wage difference in Pakistan. This survey has all the relevant information needed to find out the gender pay gap. The sample which was used in the survey had ninety one thousand three hundred and nineteen household both males and females out of which 51.6% were males of mean age 36 and 48.4% were females of mean age 32. The results which was carried out by author with the help of PSLM survey was that the gender pay gap is increasing and the reason behind that is education and experience of females. Also he found out that males enjoy more benefits and incentives than females. An Analysis of Occupational Choice in Pakistan: a multinomial Approach Nasir (2005) conducted his research on the data of Pakistan Integrated Household Survey [PIHS (2001-2002)] and multinomial log model of occupation choice for males and females to find out the occupational structure and how different factors, human and individual factors, help individuals to choose their occupation. The sample of Pakistan Integrated Household Survey which was conducted by Federal Bureau of statistics was fourteen thousands eight hundred and twenty five house hold which was divided in to two categories that are regular wages and salaries worker and second was self employed and employer. One more sample which was taken by them was thirteen thousand seven hundred and ninety three individuals out of which eleven thousand five hundred and seventy three were males and tow thousand two hundred and twenty were females of ages 10-65. The information which was important for this sample was age, earning, marital status, occupation and education. From this survey and multinomial log model of occupation, the results which were carried out were that education play significant role in choosing the job. Men choose that job which pay good salary and give them more benefits. They mainly choose job on human capital factors rather than on human factors. Author also states that, there are certain factors which play great and important role while choosing of occupation but if there were no factors than there will be an efficiency in the economic growth and women will get chance to come in front to the market with their talents and skills. Occupational segregation results in lowering of the wages and benefits of female employees. Human capital factors (education, experience and training) play a significant role in choosing jobs. Occupational choice greatly impact women as they have to look for their family and children and because of that they have less opportunities then men. To eliminate this concept more job types for women have to open and also there should be equ ality in work place and married women should be given certain benefits so that they can manage their time and work both. As education is one of an important factor therefore women education should be promoted. Organizational Culture: Impact on Female Employees Job Performance Irfan et.al (2009) conducted a research to find out the impact of organizational culture and environment on the performance of female employee. According to author, organization should develop such environment which allows women to work comfortably and attractively and has to be free from biasness. He conducted a research in three services sectors i.e. education sector, banking sector and information technology sector. Stratified random sampling was used. Three hundred females were sampled, hundred from each sector. One hundred and seven questionnaires were distributed among them asking the question on how much organization culture has impact on female employee performance. The results which were extracted from the research were that organizational environment play an important role on the performance of female employment. Organizational environment can make the work place attractive and supportive. Also not only organizational environment but attitude of peers, work environment and support from the family also play a significant role on the female performance. Discrimination in the Health Care Industry: a Research on Public Hospital Ozcan et.al (2011) conducted a research to find out a discriminatory behavior in public hospitals and the reasons and way through which this behavior can be reduced. He conducted a research in public hospitals by distributing questionnaires among three hundred fifty one health care employees and by taking semi-structured interviews from five health care employees from each hospital. The result which was extracted from the research was that there are three types of discrimination mainly ideology, vocational and gender discrimination. Ideological and vocational discrimination mainly results from political and professional views whereas gender discrimination mainly occurs at piratical society where there is male dominance and they enjoy every benefits and advantage of life. Also gender discrimination take place because of societal and cultural factors which prohibits women to work outside and should take care of her home. Discrimination whether it is ideological, vocational or gender sh ould be eliminated in order to increase the economics growth and give platform to females to show their talents. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK: Gender discrimination at work place Society Organizational climate Attitude Hiring Bias managerial decisions Salary Benefits Promotion Religion Culture Family law Social stigmata Women education Peer pressure Maternal wall Male dominance Mental capabilities Physical strength of women INDEPENTANT AND DEPENTANT VARIABLES: Dependant: gender discrimination at work place Independent: organizational climate, society and attitude. OPERATIONAL DEFINATION: Organizational climate: Organizational climate is the process of measure the culture of an organization. It is a set of properties of the work environment, perceived directly or indirectly by the employees, that is assumed to be a major force in influencing employee behavior. I have taken it as an independent variable as it directly results in gender discrimination at work place. Organizational climate have a great impact when hiring new employees or when setting their salaries or when giving them benefits. Also managers play a great role in an organization as in male dominating organization manager usually does bias decision with regards to women. This result in Dissatisfaction of women in working environment Large number of problems faced by women in an organization Less benefits given to women in an organization Mental stress Less importance and value given to women work and decisions Society: The norms and expectations a community has regarding a women role in society as a home worker. Society is also taken as an independent variable as it directly results in gender discrimination at work place. It is social stigmata that in Pakistan, working women are taken and seen in a bad way also women are not allowed to work outside their homes as it has been taken against their family law. Also religion is one of the factor which stop women to work outside their house. Women are given less importance in our society as well as there is a great discrimination in families to. Girls are given less value and importance in some families which ultimately effect their education and results in less experienced and educated women. Culture also plays a significant role in gender discrimination. This result in Less economic growth Less talent pool Less opportunities for women Attitude: Attitudes are probably one of the most important independent variables that lead to gender discrimination at the workplace. Peer pressure, male dominance all play a significant part in women feeling under pressure at the workplace. Their colleagues may act cold, or not deem them capable enough to handle projects and tasks that are essential to professional growth. Mothers, especially, are highly discriminated against, because of the reason that a mother will not be devoting full attention and focus to her work, instead she will be more focused on her children; hence they should not be hired, because it will cost the company. Also it is believed that women are physically and mentally less strong and capable then men. This result in Sexual harassment Less opportunists for married women Gender Discrimination: biases against women in terms of organizational decision. It encompasses salary, hiring, promotion etc. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: Relationship between organizational climate and gender discrimination, and how it affects the performance, salary, benefits and recruitment of women. How society, prohibits women to work outside and affect their personal and professional lives and result in gender discrimination? How women works and treated in male dominated society and how peer pressure effect women professional life? HYPOTHESIS: H1: culture in an organization is a cause of gender discrimination at workplace. Ho: culture in an organization is not a cause of gender discrimination at workplace. H2: society is a factor effecting gender discrimination at workplace. Ho: society is not a factor effecting gender discrimination at workplace. H3: attitude does results in gender discrimination at workplace. Ho: attitude doesnt results in gender discrimination at workplace. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Type of research: I have done both primary and secondary research. Primary Research: Primary research is very important as it give different perspective of people on one single issue thats gender discrimination at workplace in my case. I have interviewed from senior executives of organizations and frontline employees. Then I had also distributing questionnaires among the employees of selected organization to know the further information they have regarding the topic. Secondary Research: Secondary research is also very important as it give the supporting knowledge about respective topic and also help one to correct what has been done wrong previously. For secondary research I have taken in account ten published research papers of scholars which help me to find respective independent variables with I have used for both my interview and questionnaires questions. The research paper which I have taken mostly have either research done by scholars by them selves or they have base their research or theories or research done by special departments like world statistic bureau and world census bureau. Tool of Research: The tools of research which I have taken in account for my research paper are as follows: Research paper study: Different research papers written and published by different scholars are taken in account. From reading these papers I have also taken out important independent variables which help me to formulate my primary research. Questionnaires: Questionnaire is also one of the research tools for my researches which give me the approximate ratio of the different thinking of people both men and women. The type of scales which I have used in my questionnaires are as follows: Simple attitude rating: it is the most simple form of scale in which either respondent agrees or disagree with the question. Like YES or NO Category scale: it is a kind of scale which provide respondent different category of responses with alternative rating. Like NEVER, RARELY, SOMETIMES, OFTEN. Likert scale: this is a form of rating scale which allows respondents to indicate that how strongly they agree or disagree with any statement. Like STRONGLY DISAGREE à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦STRONGLY AGREE. Interviews: interviews will help me to get spontaneous and quick feed back from both executive level and frontline level employees. The types of interviews which I have taken are personal interviews, they are the one in which face to face questions has been asked. The questions are both in formal and in formal way. Target Population: Questionnaires: I have circulated fifty questionnaires among the employees of an organization. Out of sixty, thirty has been filed by women and twenty by men. The target population which I have selected is both from public and private sectors. Interviews: I have interviewed from the senior and frontline managers of an organization. The totally interview which I will be conducting will be three in number. Two form senior manager and one from frontline staff. Sampling: The type of sampling which I have used for my research is QUOTA SAMPLING; this is a non probability sampling procedure that ensures that the population which has been selected has some common features which researcher wants. I have used this type of sampling because I will be only taking interviews of those people and making my questionnaire filled from those people who are working in a particular organization. Interviews: I had taken three interviews, two from senior management and one from frontline staff. Ages ranges from 28-60. Two senior management are from SMEDA and BYCO PETROLEUM out of which one is male and one is female. Where as, I have interviewed women (front line staff) from PASSCO. For respondents responses look at appendix 2. Questionnaires: I had circulated fifty questionnaires, thirty from female employees ages ranges from 25-45 and twenty from male employees ages ranges from 25-60. All the participants whom I selected were from private (byco petroleum, LACAS and surgemaid) and public (PASSCO, SMEDA, CMH and Garrison school). For questionnaire look at appendix 1. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA: I floated fifty questionnaires among fifty respondents, out of which thirty were female employees and twenty were male employees. I floated my questionnaires both in public and private sector. I did multiple regression using stat graphics on the data which I collected from the questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis includes any techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. More specifically, regression analysis helps one understand how the typical value of the dependent variable changes when any one of the independent variables is varied, while the other independent variables are held fixed. The results which I computed from regression are as follows: The above are the values which are commuted from multiple regression. Dependant variable in the above table is gender discrimination where as the independent variables are attitude, organizational climat

The Appeal of Television Chat Shows Essay -- TV Media Papers

The Appeal of Television Chat Shows Chat shows are a very popular and successful modern day television program. Why? It is probably because as humans we are naturally nosey and curious about the lifestyles of others, especially those of the rich and famous. It is this common characteristic that makes the neighbors peep through the curtains to see what the Jones' are up to next, the reason that village gossip spreads so quickly and the cause of the growing number of reality television programs. Whether we admit or not, many have a fascination with those in the public eye. We want to know about their secret to success, the skeletons in their closet and if they really are human like the rest of us. When this curiosity is applied to heroes, idols and people that others look up to and want to be like, that is when the appeal of chat shows is brought to life. Chat shows are the ultimate way of finding out the truth about celebrities not from badly taken paparazzi photos or twisted quotes in magazines but from the celebrity themself. Chat shows are not just popular with the public but also with the celebrities. It is a great way of advertising themselves if they have a new film or book out for instance. Another example is if they have had a lot of bad press recently, maybe over a crime they have committed. The celebrity may appear on a popular chat show to win back the sympathy and popularity of the public. Chat shows are sometimes confused with talk shows but are very different in the style they are run. Chat shows are interviews with celebrities and are considered more promotional television whereas talk shows are basically public ... ...rs Merton who is an old lady is actually a young woman dressed up as on old age pensioner. She cracks jokes to the audience about false hips and dentures and northern accent and dialect add to the humour. I have established that chat shows are very popular and that the appeal from them is becoming more than just the guests. This is because chat shows have turned from just the basic interview to a programme with characters (The Ali G Show) audience participation, for example anecdotes or games (Graham Norton) and performances and humour (The Kumars at Number 42). Entertainment is getting harder to fulfill as each show has to bring something new to appeal and compete with other chat shows to gain and maintain its audience however the base for any chat show will always remain the celebrities that appear on the show.

Fda and Tobacco Regulation

The FDA and Tobacco Regulation 10/15/2012 MAN 4701/ 82844 Do you agree with the Food and Drug Administration that nicotine can be classified as a drug and that cigarettes can be classified as devices under the definitions in the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act? Under the definition of a drug in the Food, Drug , and Cosmetics Act of 1938 it is defined as a product that affects the structure or any function of the body. As a group we decided that is in fact considered a drug because as a company, the tobacco manufactures in fact knew what their product was doing to potential consumers.Due to the abundance of deaths occurring each year, we figured a ban would be best for the situation. Unfortunately, as Kessler believed, a ban would be unworkable. 1) Did the FDA make any legal or political errors that defeated its efforts to regulate tobacco? We did believe that the FDA did make some political errors in defeating its efforts to regulate tobacco. To start with, the FDA recognized the tobac co industry to be very powerful. Also, they decided to regulate cigarettes as medical devise which did not lead to a ban. Another action that went wrong is that they didn’t impose restrictions on adult smoking, instead focused on under aged smoking.2) Do you agree with the decision of the U. S. Supreme Court? Why or why not? As a group, we didn’t agree with the decision of the Supreme Court. The court ended up with a 5-4 majority split. Both sides had valuable points in the argument but the Supreme Court came out on top. Defendant Justice O’Connor stated that although tobacco was one of the nation’s most troubling public health problems, the FDA had no jurisdiction over it.As stated earlier, since they considered nicotine a drug, they would have to ban them completely which was unworkable. 3) Do you believe that the story reveals flaws in American Government and the regulatory process, or do you believe that the story reveals a system that, despite faults , is ultimately responsive and just? We viewed the story as determining right from wrong. We believed since the ban didn’t fall through, then there must be some sort of flaws in the government. Since banning cigarettes would save tons of lives, we figured that would be the correct approach. ) Should congress enact FDA regulation of tobacco products even if it adds to the competitive advantage of Philip Morris? We agreed that a regulation should be placed on tobacco products even if it adds to the competitive advantage of Philip Morris. We though the public’s health should be of the highest priority instead of worrying about a competitive advantage. With that said, if regulations were passed cigarette smoking would be passed then followed by less deaths related to tobacco usage.

Free Essays on Lockes Influence On Nietzche

In On the Genealogy of Morals, Friedrich Nietzsche uses history, etymology, and reason to attempt to explicate the origins of human social interaction. Nietzsche’s style is speculative (as all philosophy is), yet extremely convincing and challenging. Instead of merely projecting current behavior onto the past, as English psychologists in Nietzsche’s time did, he attempts to form his genealogy from the beginning of human morals, and project it onto the present. For example, in the first essay of the Genealogy, â€Å"’Good and Evil’, ‘Good and Bad’†, Nietzsche claims that the world’s current moral state is due to a massive â€Å"slave revolt† against hedonistic nobles. His grand vision of a war of morality seems almost Biblical- not entirely historically accurate, but metaphorically and broadly applicable to society. In the second essay of the Genealogy, â€Å"’Guilt’, ‘Bad Conscience’, and the Like’†, Nietzsche begins by talking about basic human characteristics, and rationally builds up to an explanation of humans’ internal conflicts. Part of this essay, as stated by its title, contains Nietzsche’s hypothesis on the origin of Guilt. Nietzsche, at the beginning of the second essay, refers to humans primitively, calling them â€Å"animals† with â€Å"the right to make promises†. (Genealogy, Second Essay, Section 1) The perspective of his account is mostly third person, taking the reader through nature’s development of the human animal. He talks about how memory and forgetfulness are both active, and related to human will. Memory is a person’s desire to make sense of his or her past, or construct a â€Å"long chain of the will†. (Genealogy, Second Essay, Section 1) According to Nietzsche, evolution caused humans to yield memory from their will. Since people have the need to understand their past in a chronological way, they also want to predict and give structure to the future- the clichà © phras... Free Essays on Locke's Influence On Nietzche Free Essays on Locke's Influence On Nietzche In On the Genealogy of Morals, Friedrich Nietzsche uses history, etymology, and reason to attempt to explicate the origins of human social interaction. Nietzsche’s style is speculative (as all philosophy is), yet extremely convincing and challenging. Instead of merely projecting current behavior onto the past, as English psychologists in Nietzsche’s time did, he attempts to form his genealogy from the beginning of human morals, and project it onto the present. For example, in the first essay of the Genealogy, â€Å"’Good and Evil’, ‘Good and Bad’†, Nietzsche claims that the world’s current moral state is due to a massive â€Å"slave revolt† against hedonistic nobles. His grand vision of a war of morality seems almost Biblical- not entirely historically accurate, but metaphorically and broadly applicable to society. In the second essay of the Genealogy, â€Å"’Guilt’, ‘Bad Conscience’, and the Like’†, Nietzsche begins by talking about basic human characteristics, and rationally builds up to an explanation of humans’ internal conflicts. Part of this essay, as stated by its title, contains Nietzsche’s hypothesis on the origin of Guilt. Nietzsche, at the beginning of the second essay, refers to humans primitively, calling them â€Å"animals† with â€Å"the right to make promises†. (Genealogy, Second Essay, Section 1) The perspective of his account is mostly third person, taking the reader through nature’s development of the human animal. He talks about how memory and forgetfulness are both active, and related to human will. Memory is a person’s desire to make sense of his or her past, or construct a â€Å"long chain of the will†. (Genealogy, Second Essay, Section 1) According to Nietzsche, evolution caused humans to yield memory from their will. Since people have the need to understand their past in a chronological way, they also want to predict and give structure to the future- the clichà © phras...

Suppressed Evidence Fallacy

Suppressed Evidence Fallacy In the discussion about inductive arguments, it is explained how a cogent inductive argument had to have both good reasoning and true premises. But the fact that all included premises have to be true also means that all true premises have to be included. When true and relevant information is left out for any reason, the fallacy called Suppressed Evidence is committed. The fallacy of Suppressed Evidence is categorized as a Fallacy of Presumption because it creates the presumption that the true premises are complete. Examples and Discussion Here is an example of Suppressed Evidence used by Patrick Hurley: 1. Most dogs are friendly and pose no threat to people who pet them. Therefore, it would be safe to pet the little dog that is approaching us now. It should be possible to imagine all sorts of things which might be true and which would be highly relevant to the issue at hand. The dog might be growling and protecting its home. Or it might even be foaming at the mouth, suggesting rabies. Here is another, similar example: 2. That type of car is poorly made; a friend of mine has one, and it continually gives him trouble. This might seem like a reasonable comment, but there are many things which might be left unsaid. For example, the friend might not take good care of the car and might not get the oil changed regularly. Or maybe the friend fancies himself as a mechanic and just does a lousy job. Perhaps the most common use of the fallacy of Suppressed Evidence is in advertising. Most marketing campaigns will present great information about a product, but will also ignore problematic or bad information. 3. When you get digital cable, you can watch different channels on every set in the house without purchasing expensive extra equipment. But with satellite TV, you have to buy an extra piece of equipment to each set. Therefore, digital cable is a better value. All of the above premises are true and do lead to the conclusion. But what they fail to note is the fact that if you are a single person - the sort of person who often seems to be the subject of the ads, curiously enough - there is little or no need to have independent cable on more than one TV. Because this information is ignored, the above argument commits the fallacy of Suppressed Evidence. We also sometimes see this fallacy committed in scientific research whenever someone focuses on evidence which supports their hypothesis while ignoring data which would tend to disconfirm it. This is why it is important that experiments can be replicated by others and that the information about how the experiments were conducted be released. Other researchers might catch the data which was originally ignored. Creationism is a good place to find fallacies of Suppressed Evidence. There are quite a few cases where creationist arguments simply ignore evidence relevant to their claims, but which would cause them problems. For example, when explaining how a Great Flood would explain the fossil record: 4. As the water level began to rise, the more advanced creatures would move to higher ground for safety, but more primitive creatures would not do so. This is why you find less complex creatures further down in the fossil record and human fossils near the top. All sorts of important things are ignored here, for example, the fact that marine life would have benefitted from such a flood and the would not be found layered in such a way for those reasons. Politics is also an excellent source of this fallacy. It isnt unusual to have a politician make claims without bothering to include critical information. For example: 5. If you look at our money, you will find the words In God We Trust. This proves that ours is a Christian Nation and that our government accepts that we are a Christian people. What is ignored here is, among other things, that these words only became mandatory on our money during the 1950s when there was a widespread fear of communism. The fact that these words are so recent and are largely a reaction to the Soviet Union makes the conclusion about this being politically a Christian Nation much less plausible. Avoiding the Fallacy You can avoid committing the fallacy of Suppressed Evidence by being careful with regard to any research you do on a topic. If you are going to defend a proposition, you should make an attempt to find contradictory evidence and not simply evidence which supports your presupposition or beliefs. By doing this, you are more likely to avoid missing crucial data, and it is less likely that anyone can reasonably accuse you of committing this fallacy.

The processes that occur in the Network when you Essay

The processes that occur in the Network when you - Essay Example There are several processes that are running concurrently, both at server and client ends, to make this communication a success. A thorough knowledge of these devices and their roles, protocols and associated technologies, at various levels of the network, is required for understanding the process that take place in a network for communication to occur successfully. Analyzing the process at various layers of a network demands a methodical comprehension of a ‘broad brush’ picture of the communication channel and protocol stack that might be at work behind the scene. More often than not, access to private networks, like the X-Stream server from our home or some other remote location is materialized through Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology. VPN is used to access a private network, like a university Learning Management System (LMS), over a public network like the Internet. When a student access X-Stream Server over a public network, this implementation of VPN is know n to be an ‘Access VPN’. VPN ensures a secure access to the private resource through implementation of security at various layers of the communication channel. ... rs used to define communication spectrum over the TCP/IP suit of protocols includes; Application Layer, Host to Host Layer , Internet Layer and Network Access Layer. The process that occurs on the network is mainly the study of data as it travels through the TCP/IP stack because WAN is only used as a vehicle to carry data and no significant processing is done as far the data is concerned. There are several important protocols that forms a part of the TCP/IP protocol suite which includes FTP, TFTP, VoIP, HTTP, ICMP, UDP, ARP and RARP etc. Moreover the RIP and OSPF are also the part of TCP/IP protocol suite which ensures the routing of the information over a network. From a user’s perspective the process that occur on a network starts with the use of application software that can talk to a underlying network e.g. a web browser that uses HTTP to make things happen for a user. Comer refers this as the application level internet service and states, â€Å"From a user’s point view, the internet appears to consist of a set of application programs that use the underlying network to carry out useful communication tasks†(3). Moreover the session of communication instance is maintained at the Application Layer, however these session are not logged by HTTP. â€Å"Each HTTP request is self-contained; the server does not keep a history of previous request or previous sessions† (Comer, 490). At next level the processes to ensure and enforce the data integrity, correctness and reliable packet delivery are guarded by the Host to Host layer. This layer also segments and sequences the continuous stream of data that leaves a user end and reassembles it at server end while acknowledging the receipt of each segment. â€Å"As each segment of data is received at the destination, an

Abortion vs Adoption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Abortion vs Adoption - Essay Example Though there are many debates on making abortion safe for mothers, the fact is that no abortion may be considered safe. Considering the varying degrees of effects that affect the mother after this exercise, there should be no debate on the safety of an abortion. These complications may be physical, emotional, spiritual or psychological and do usually affect a mother for the rest of their lives. For instance, statistics today show that about 10% of all mothers in induced abortions have immediate serious complications, with 2% of these complications being life threatening. In addition, there are many mothers who suffer from many minor complications that may involve infections, damage to the uterus, too much bleeding, hemorrhages, and serious injuries in their cervix among others. Some of the major complications that are known today include premature births. This is because in induced abortions, the cervix is opened before its time is due, which damages the cervical muscles. Consequentl y, depending on the degree of the damage, as the woman bear another pregnancy, the baby increases pressure at the cervix where the weakened muscles open prematurely. Moreover, the mother may suffer from sterility on the long term with 3-5% of all aborting women becoming sterile after abortions mainly due to the morbidity of the process. This is more serious when a woman may have venereal disease at the time of an abortion. The major psychological effects related to abortion are mental problems. In a study of aborting mothers in their eight week after abortion, 44% of mothers complained of having nervous disorders, 36% complained of having some serious sleep disturbances, 31% bitterly regretted of having aborted their babies and 11% were placed under psychotropic drugs by a doctor (Ashton 1117). In fact, the research noted that women who had procured an abortion had much higher chances of admission in psychiatric facilities than those who did not. Moreover, these effects are compounded by increasing guilt, and increases in the level of anxiety in the mother, though there is a short period marked by post abortion numbness of what may be termed as emotional paralysis. Teenagers are particularly affected by these post abortion complications. These effects are mostly related to the internal conflict between one’s moral standards, ethics and the decision to abort, which explains the temporary period in which the mother feels relieved. Therefore, with these abortion danger s and side effects, there is need to consider a better and healthier approach for the mother and the baby in cases where the mother may not be interested in the; consequently, pro-adoption becomes the best alternative. In the last three decades, adoption practices have considerably changed in the US; today, there are many couples across the US willing to adopt a child than bearing their own child (Berry 125). This is because today there are more career based families where both partners are in highly involving careers and lack time to undergo the normal child bearing process, mainly driven by changes in the role of women in the labor force. Moreover, there are increasing cases of infertility among many couples, which increases the number of people seeking to adopt children (Berry 125). However, there is a trend where abortion practices, birth controls and a changed impression of families towards single motherhood has drastically reduced the number of available children for adoption (Berry 125). Considering these factors, there are no reasons for women to procure an abortion when there is an increasing demand of healthy children to adopt across the US. One of the adoption practices that has gained much success today is open adoption.